偏好是什么?
所有偏好方法都假定:回路中的人具有预先存在、有待发现的偏好,而一次比较是对这一偏好的带噪声读数。其他学科检验这一假定已有一个世纪。心理学测量判断如何随情境、注意和提问顺序而变化,并考察哪些著名效应经受住了复现。神经科学研究价值如何计算、一次选择需要多长时间。经济学将显示偏好形式化,随后发现有人拒绝选择,或有意随机选择。哲学追问:系统何时可以正当地改变一个人的意愿。
设立本部分,是出于本书的论点:算法已趋成熟,悬而未决的是测量问题,即一次比较究竟测量了什么,以及提问本身如何影响回答者(本书的论点)。这些问题早有研究,只是不以优化为名。每章报告一个学科的证据,着眼于它对构建或评估偏好系统的人有何启示,最后说明它对比较建模的意义。有几处,读者可以亲自检验某个效应。
本部分以第 16 章为前提;各章可以单独阅读。
本部分各章
- 37 判断、决策与心理物理学
2017 至 2026 年间,判断与决策研究、心理物理学、数学心理学与启发式研究对比较似然背后的假设有哪些发现:哪些著名效应在大规模复现中减弱,哪些经受住了检验,以及各项发现对建模人的回答有何意义。
- 38 社会、情感与发展心理学
2017 至 2026 年间,社会心理学、动机心理学、消费者心理学、情绪心理学、道德心理学、人格心理学及心理学其他分支对稳定偏好有哪些发现:哪些著名效应未能复现,为什么宽泛的倾向稳定而单次选择不稳定,以及这对建模人的比较有何意义。
- 39 神经科学与计算认知科学
2017 至 2026 年间,神经科学与计算认知科学在以下方面有哪些发现:大脑中的价值、偏好的神经预测、反应时与注意、有效编码、主动推断、药理学与运动适应,以及各项发现对建模人的比较有何意义。
- 40 经济学、决策理论与运筹学
经济学、决策理论与运筹学关于偏好的认识,以及偏好优化采纳或忽略了其中哪些:行为效应的实际大小、选择所能显示的信息、随机选择的三种来源、理性疏忽、跨人聚合、不完备偏好、自适应联合分析设计、陈述偏好的实践、多准则决策分析与交互式多目标优化。
- 41 哲学与宗教传统
哲学与宗教传统对偏好与欲望的看法,及其对偏好优化的启示:偏好是心理状态还是选择模式、系统何时可以改变偏好、什么算作操纵、何时优化是错误的框架,以及佛教、道家、儒家与神学传统如何对待欲望。
- 42 社会科学与人文学科
品味的来源与样本的构成;测量偏好的系统同时塑造偏好时会出现什么情况(表演性预测、推荐系统的反馈、欧盟对操纵性界面的规定);语言、机构与专业知识提供的补充;以及这些领域中哪些广为流传的说法经不起对原始文献的核查。
- 43 自然科学与形式科学
生物学、物理学、网络科学、偏好的数学、信息论、博弈论与差分隐私对构建偏好贝叶斯优化系统的启示:比较图的谱决定估计误差;一种分解可以度量单个效用能解释多少数据;不完备偏好的模型;一比特上界限制了什么;以及隐私的代价。
- 44 设计、感官科学、艺术与健康
设计研究、建筑学、城市规划、工程设计、食品与感官科学、经验美学与音乐、健康科学在偏好引出方面积累的经验:从安慰剂对与设计固着,到重测基准以及以真实行为为参照的验证;最后列出偏好贝叶斯优化可以直接采用的方法。
第九部分参考文献
本部分各章共引用 524 篇文献。
- (2022). General variability leads to specific adaptation toward optimal movement policies. Current Biology. 第 39 章
- (1972). Efficiency Estimation of Production Functions. International Economic Review. 第 40 章
- (2021). Assessing the Performance of Interactive Multiobjective Optimization Methods: A Survey. ACM Computing Surveys. 第 40 章
- (2022). Designing empirical experiments to compare interactive multiobjective optimization methods. Journal of the Operational Research Society. 第 40 章
- (2017). Stochastic Choice and Preferences for Randomization. Journal of Political Economy. 第 40 章
- (2022). Revealed Preferences for Randomization: An Overview. AEA Papers and Proceedings. 第 40 章
- (2025). Ranges of Randomization. Review of Economics and Statistics. 第 40 章
- (2014). The Reconciliation of the Fundamentals of Islamic Law (Al-Muwāfaqāt fī Uṣūl al-Sharīʿa), Volume II. Garnet Publishing. 第 41 章
- (2019). Reexamining How Utility and Weighting Functions Get Their Shapes: A Quasi-Adversarial Collaboration Providing a New Interpretation. Management Science. 第 37 章
- (2024). Abwägung und Argumentation. Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie. 第 42 章
- (2014). Registered Replication Report: Schooler and Engstler-Schooler (1990). Perspectives on Psychological Science. 第 42 章
- (2023). Identifying Nontransitive Preferences. University of Zurich. 工作论文 第 37 章
- (2022). Evaluating Deliberative Competence: A Simple Method with an Application to Financial Choice. American Economic Review. 第 40 章
- (2004). Recognition-Primed Decision-Making: Implications for Record-Keeping by Organizations. Personal website. 非同行评审 第 42 章
- (2023). Dewey’s Moral Philosophy. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 非同行评审 第 41 章
- (2020). Algorithmic Effects on the Diversity of Consumption on Spotify. Proceedings of The Web Conference 2020. 第 42 章
- (2025). No evidence for decision fatigue using large-scale field data from healthcare. Communications Psychology. 第 37 章
- (2002). Giving According to GARP: An Experimental Test of the Consistency of Preferences for Altruism. Econometrica. 第 40 章
- (2013). The Power of Revealed Preference Tests: Ex-Post Evaluation of Experimental Design. Working paper (author's website). 工作论文 第 40 章
- (2018). Monotone Stochastic Choice Models: The Case of Risk and Time Preferences. Journal of Political Economy. 第 37 章
- (2026). Recommendation Quality and the Concentration of Consumption: Experimental Evidence from Netflix. arXiv. 预印本 第 41 章 第 42 章
- (2026). No evidence of a decoy effect in bees: Rewardless flowers do not increase bumblebees' preference for neighbouring flowers. Ecological Entomology. doi:10.1111/een.70092. 第 43 章
- (2005). Consumer Culture Theory (CCT): Twenty Years of Research. Journal of Consumer Research. 第 42 章
- (1950). A Difficulty in the Concept of Social Welfare. Journal of Political Economy. 第 40 章
- (2022). The perception of odor pleasantness is shared across cultures. Current Biology. 第 42 章
- (1956). Studies of independence and conformity: I. A minority of one against a unanimous majority. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied. 第 38 章
- (2022). Solutions to preference manipulation in recommender systems require knowledge of meta-preferences. FAccTRec Workshop (RecSys 2022). 研讨会论文 第 41 章
- (2023). qEUBO: A Decision-Theoretic Acquisition Function for Preferential Bayesian Optimization. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics. 第 40 章
- (2007). Towards Realization of the Higher Intents of Islamic Law: Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah: A Functional Approach. International Institute of Islamic Thought. 第 41 章
- (2025). A systematic review and meta-analyses of the temporal stability and convergent validity of risk preference measures. Nature Human Behaviour. doi:10.1038/s41562-024-02085-2. 第 37 章 第 42 章
- (2015). Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook. Science. 第 42 章
- (2020). Values encoded in orbitofrontal cortex are causally related to economic choices. Nature. 第 39 章
- (2018). On Wold’s approach to representation of preferences. Journal of Mathematical Economics. doi:10.1016/j.jmateco.2018.08.007. 第 43 章
- (2025). Decisions under Risk Are Decisions under Complexity: Comment. SSRN. 工作论文 第 40 章
- (2013). The valuation system: A coordinate-based meta-analysis of BOLD fMRI experiments examining neural correlates of subjective value. NeuroImage. 第 39 章
- (2019). True contextuality beats direct influences in human decision making. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 第 43 章
- (1998). Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 第 37 章
- (2023). The functional form of value normalization in human reinforcement learning. eLife. 第 37 章
- (2018). Reference-point centering and range-adaptation enhance human reinforcement learning at the cost of irrational preferences. Nature Communications. 第 37 章
- (2021). Two sides of the same coin: Beneficial and detrimental consequences of range adaptation in human reinforcement learning. Science Advances. 第 37 章
- (2026). Autism-associated learning patterns show reduced credit assignment to outcome-irrelevant features. Translational Psychiatry. 第 38 章
- (2017). Preference Elicitation For Participatory Budgeting. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 第 44 章
- (2021). Preference Elicitation for Participatory Budgeting. Management Science. 第 44 章
- (2026). Time is Knowledge: What Response Times Reveal. working paper (arXiv). 工作论文 第 39 章
- (2009). Beyond Revealed Preference: Choice-Theoretic Foundations for Behavioral Welfare Economics *. Quarterly Journal of Economics. 第 40 章
- (2012). A neural predictor of cultural popularity. Journal of Consumer Psychology. doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2011.05.001. 第 39 章
- (1998). What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience? Brain Research Reviews. 第 39 章
- (2020). Does Mindfulness Training Without Explicit Ethics-Based Instruction Promote Prosocial Behaviors? A Meta-Analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 第 41 章
- (2002). Knightian decision theory. Part I. Decisions in Economics and Finance. 第 40 章
- (2017). Noisy preferences in risky choice: A cautionary note. Psychological Review. 第 37 章
- (2022). A meta-analysis on the effect of visual attention on choice. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 第 39 章
- (2025). Twin modelling reveals partly distinct genetic pathways to music enjoyment. Nature Communications. 第 38 章
- (1992). A Theory of Fads, Fashion, Custom, and Cultural Change as Informational Cascades. Journal of Political Economy. 第 38 章
- (2009). Rational Decisions. Princeton University Press. 第 40 章
- (2022). Heuristics from bounded meta-learned inference. Psychological Review. 第 37 章
- (2025). A foundation model to predict and capture human cognition. Nature. 第 37 章
- (1948). On the Rationale of Group Decision-making. Journal of Political Economy. 第 40 章
- (2022). Personality stability and change: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin. 第 38 章
- (2018). Fast or frugal, but not both: Decision heuristics under time pressure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 第 37 章
- (2024). On The Stability of Moral Preferences: A Problem with Computational Elicitation Methods. AIES. 第 38 章
- (2006). The physics of optimal decision making: A formal analysis of models of performance in two-alternative forced-choice tasks. Psychological Review. 第 39 章
- (2025a). Introduction to the symposium on reproducibility and replicability in economics: Part I. Economic Inquiry. 第 40 章
- (2025b). Introduction to the symposium on reproducibility and replicability in economics: Part II. Economic Inquiry. 第 40 章
- (2018). Of Mice, Men, and Trolleys: Hypothetical Judgment Versus Real-Life Behavior in Trolley-Style Moral Dilemmas. Psychological Science. 第 38 章
- (1984). Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Harvard University Press. 第 42 章
- (2017). Registered Replication Report: Rand, Greene, and Nowak (2012). Perspectives on Psychological Science. 第 38 章
- (1985). Note—A Preference Ranking Organisation Method: (The PROMETHEE Method for Multiple Criteria Decision-Making). Management Science. 第 40 章
- (1956). Postdecision changes in the desirability of alternatives. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 第 37 章
- (1978). Lottery winners and accident victims: Is happiness relative? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 第 38 章
- (2015). In the white cube: Museum context enhances the valuation and memory of art. Acta Psychologica. 第 42 章
- (2022). A computational model of aesthetic value. Psychological Review. 第 41 章 第 44 章
- (2024). Modelling individual aesthetic judgements over time. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 第 44 章
- (2026). Recommended Selves: Authenticity and Algorithmic Filtering. Journal of the American Philosophical Association. 第 41 章
- (2024). Meta-analysis of Empirical Estimates of Loss Aversion. Journal of Economic Literature. 第 40 章
- (2019). The many Faces of Human Sociality: Uncovering the Distribution and Stability of Social Preferences. Journal of the European Economic Association. 第 40 章
- (2021). The Emperor's New Markov Blankets. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 第 39 章
- (1993). Decision field theory: A dynamic-cognitive approach to decision making in an uncertain environment. Psychological Review. 第 39 章
- (2017). Is there a problem with quantum models of psychological measurements? PLOS ONE. 第 37 章
- (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 第 38 章
- (2018). Predictably intransitive preferences. Judgment and Decision Making. 第 37 章
- (2016). Evaluating replicability of laboratory experiments in economics. Science. 第 40 章
- (2018). Evaluating the replicability of social science experiments in Nature and Science between 2010 and 2015. Nature Human Behaviour. 第 40 章
- (2022). Estimating and Penalizing Induced Preference Shifts in Recommender Systems. ICML 2022. 第 42 章
- (2023). Characterizing Manipulation from AI Systems. Equity and Access in Algorithms, Mechanisms, and Optimization. 第 41 章
- (2024). AI Alignment with Changing and Influenceable Reward Functions. International Conference on Machine Learning. 第 41 章 第 42 章
- (1999). Taking Time Seriously: A Theory of Socioemotional Selectivity. American Psychologist. 第 42 章
- (1982). Control theory: A useful conceptual framework for personality–social, clinical, and health psychology. Psychological Bulletin. 第 38 章
- (2025). Beauty is in the eye of your cohort: Structured individual differences allow predictions of individualized aesthetic ratings of images. Cognition. 第 41 章
- (2018). Snow queen is evil and beautiful: Experimental evidence for probabilistic contextuality in human choices. Decision. 第 43 章
- (2019). Revealed preferences under uncertainty: Incomplete preferences and preferences for randomization. Journal of Economic Theory. 第 40 章 第 43 章 第 44 章
- (2000). Making Rational Decisions using Adaptive Utility Elicitation. Proceedings of the Seventeenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-00). 第 40 章
- (2020). Dopaminergic modulation of the exploration/exploitation trade-off in human decision-making. eLife. 第 39 章
- (2023). Transformative Experience. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 非同行评审 第 41 章
- (2018). How algorithmic confounding in recommendation systems increases homogeneity and decreases utility. Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. 第 42 章
- (2002). The Possibility of Parity. Ethics. 第 41 章
- (2017). Hard Choices. Journal of the American Philosophical Association. 第 41 章
- (2024). What’s so Hard about Hard Choices? Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics. doi:10.23941/ejpe.v17i1.872. 第 41 章
- (2017). Sequential effects in preference decision: Prior preference assimilates current preference. PLOS ONE. 第 37 章
- (2022). Kano Analysis: A Critical Survey Science Review. Sawtooth Software Conference Proceedings (practitioner conference, not peer-reviewed). 工作论文 第 44 章
- (2023). Willingness to Accept, Willingness to Pay, and Loss Aversion. National Bureau of Economic Research. 工作论文 第 40 章
- (1976). Optimal foraging, the marginal value theorem. Theoretical Population Biology. 第 43 章
- (2025). Human adaptation to adaptive machines converges to game-theoretic equilibria. Scientific Reports. 第 39 章
- (2022). Learning Inconsistent Preferences with Gaussian Processes. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics. 第 43 章
- (2010). How choice affects and reflects preferences: Revisiting the free-choice paradigm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 第 37 章
- (2025b). How General Are Measures of Choice Consistency? Evidence from Experimental and Scanner Data. arXiv. 预印本 第 40 章
- (2019). Uncertainty and Surprise Jointly Predict Musical Pleasure and Amygdala, Hippocampus, and Auditory Cortex Activity. Current Biology. 第 44 章
- (2021). Genres, Objects, and the Contemporary Expression of Higher-Status Tastes. Sociological Science. 第 42 章
- (2017). Back to the inverted-U for music preference: A review of the literature. Psychology of Music. 第 44 章
- (2024). Differentially Private Reward Estimation with Preference Feedback. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics. 第 43 章
- (2007). The Spread of Obesity in a Large Social Network over 32 Years. New England Journal of Medicine. 第 42 章
- (2012). Estimation of the Thurstonian Model for the 2-AC Protocol. Food Quality and Preference. 第 44 章
- (2017). Heuristics for prioritizing pair-wise elicitation questions with additive multi-attribute value models. Omega. 第 40 章
- (1971). Multipart pricing of public goods. Public Choice. 第 40 章
- (2024). LLM-based relevance assessment still can't replace human relevance assessment. arXiv. 预印本 第 42 章
- (2021). Assessing Top- Preferences. ACM Transactions on Information Systems. 第 42 章
- (2024). Is it really a neuromyth? A meta-analysis of the learning styles matching hypothesis. Frontiers in Psychology. 第 42 章
- (2021). Understanding patient preference in prosthetic ankle stiffness. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. 第 39 章
- (2020). Psychological and neural responses to architectural interiors. Cortex. 第 38 章 第 44 章
- (2025). Adversarial testing of global neuronal workspace and integrated information theories of consciousness. Nature. 第 41 章
- (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 第 37 章
- (2019). Partial Adaptation to the Value Range in the Macaque Orbitofrontal Cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience. 第 39 章
- (2013). Robust ordinal regression in preference learning and ranking. Machine Learning. 第 40 章
- (2022). Choice, deferral, and consistency. Quantitative Economics. 第 40 章
- (2024). Durably reducing conspiracy beliefs through dialogues with AI. Science. 第 42 章
- (2021a). The Evolution of “Co-evolution” (Part I): Problem Solving, Problem Finding, and Their Interaction in Design and Other Creative Practices. She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation. 第 44 章
- (2021b). The Evolution of “Co-evolution” (Part II): The Biological Analogy, Different Kinds of Co-evolution, and Proposals for Conceptual Expansion. She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation. 第 44 章
- (2008). Serotonin Modulates Behavioral Reactions to Unfairness. Science. 第 44 章
- (2010). Serotonin selectively influences moral judgment and behavior through effects on harm aversion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 第 44 章
- (2021). A Multilab Replication of the Ego Depletion Effect. Social Psychological and Personality Science. 第 37 章
- (2022). Belief Elicitation and Behavioral Incentive Compatibility. American Economic Review. 第 40 章
- (2011). Extraneous factors in judicial decisions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 第 37 章
- (2012). Ordering effects and choice set awareness in repeat-response stated preference studies. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. 第 40 章
- (2018). Shifting the balance between goals and habits: Five failures in experimental habit induction. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 第 38 章
- (2022). Preference Dynamics Under Personalized Recommendations. EC 2022. 第 42 章
- (2023). Experimental Tests of Rational Inattention. Journal of Political Economy. 第 40 章
- (1964). Continuity Properties of Paretian Utility. International Economic Review. 第 43 章
- (1983). Representation of a Preference Ordering by a Numerical Function. Mathematical Economics: Twenty Papers of Gerard Debreu. 第 40 章
- (2000). The "What" and "Why" of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior. Psychological Inquiry. 第 38 章
- (2000). Mixing beliefs among interacting agents. Advances in Complex Systems. 第 42 章
- (2019). Measuring actual learning versus feeling of learning in response to being actively engaged in the classroom. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 第 42 章
- (2025). Antiqua et nova: Note on the Relationship Between Artificial Intelligence and Human Intelligence. Vatican. 非同行评审 第 41 章
- (2017). What Matters and How It Matters: A Choice-Theoretic Representation of Moral Theories. Philosophical Review. 第 41 章
- (2006). On Making the Right Choice: The Deliberation-Without-Attention Effect. Science. 第 37 章
- (2023). Endogenous preferences: a challenge to constitutional political economy’s normative foundation? Constitutional Political Economy. 第 40 章
- (2023). The case for comparability. Noûs. 第 41 章
- (2001). Creativity in the Design Process: Co-Evolution of Problem-Solution. Design Studies. 第 44 章
- (2016). Evidence for prospect-refuge theory: a meta-analysis of the findings of environmental preference research. City, Territory and Architecture. 第 38 章 第 44 章
- (2024). Generative AI enhances individual creativity but reduces the collective diversity of novel content. Science Advances. 第 42 章
- (2016). Deep Learning the City: Quantifying Urban Perception at a Global Scale. Computer Vision – ECCV 2016. 第 38 章 第 44 章
- (2006). Calibrating Noise to Sensitivity in Private Data Analysis. Theory of Cryptography (TCC 2006), Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 第 43 章
- (1988). The Theory and Practice of Autonomy. Cambridge University Press. 第 41 章
- (2016). Is there contextuality in behavioural and social systems? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 第 43 章
- (2025). A worldwide test of the predictive validity of ideal partner preference matching. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 第 38 章
- (2026). Debate Helps Weak Judges Reward Stronger Models. arXiv. 预印本 第 41 章
- (1998). The Life Course as Developmental Theory. Child Development. 第 42 章
- (1961). Risk, Ambiguity, and the Savage Axioms. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 第 40 章
- (1983). Sour Grapes: Studies in the Subversion of Rationality. Cambridge University Press. 第 41 章
- (2019). The Community of Advantage: A Behavioral Economist’s Defence of the Market, Robert Sugden. Oxford University Press, 2018, xxii + 320 pages. Economics and Philosophy. 非同行评审 第 40 章
- (2010). Reconsidering the Effect of Market Experience on the "Endowment Effect". Econometrica. 第 40 章
- (2021). Choice changes preferences, not merely reflects them: A meta-analysis of the artifact-free free-choice paradigm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 第 37 章 第 43 章 第 44 章
- (2025). Complexity and Time. Journal of the European Economic Association. 第 40 章
- (2026). Back to the Future-Proof: Four Reforms for the Better Regulation of Dark Patterns Under the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive and Article 25 of the Digital Services Act. European Journal of Risk Regulation. 第 42 章
- (2019). Court of Justice of the European Union: Users must actively consent to cookies. IRIS Merlin, IRIS 2019-10:1/6. 非同行评审 第 42 章
- (2023). Peripheral Visual Information Halves Attentional Choice Biases. Psychological Science. 第 37 章
- (2025). Commission publishes the Guidelines on prohibited artificial intelligence (AI) practices, as defined by the AI Act. Shaping Europe’s digital future. 非同行评审 第 42 章
- (2026). Legislative Train Schedule: Digital Fairness Act (updated 20 June 2026). European Parliament. 非同行评审 第 42 章
- (2022a). Digital Services Act, Article 25: Online interface design and organisation (reprint of the text). eu-digital-services-act.com. 非同行评审 第 42 章
- (2022b). Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 on a Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Services Act). Official Journal of the European Union (EUR-Lex). 非同行评审 第 42 章
- (2024). Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act), Article 5: Prohibited AI Practices (reprint of the text). artificialintelligenceact.eu. 非同行评审 第 42 章
- (2011). On the multi-utility representation of preference relations. Journal of Mathematical Economics. 第 43 章
- (2018). Global Evidence on Economic Preferences*. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 第 38 章
- (1860). Elemente der Psychophysik. Breitkopf und Härtel. 第 37 章
- (2025). Exposing Privacy Gaps: Membership Inference Attack on Preference Data for LLM Alignment. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics. 第 43 章
- (2019). Dopamine modulates the reward experiences elicited by music. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 第 39 章
- (1973). Algebraic Connectivity of Graphs. Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal. 第 43 章
- (2026). Agents, Alignment, and the Many Faces of Autonomy. Minds and Machines. 第 41 章
- (2019). A meta-analysis of procedures to change implicit measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 第 38 章
- (2025a). A Preregistered Falsification Test of the Decision by Sampling Model and Rank-Order Effect. Management Science. 第 37 章
- (2025b). Probabilistic functionalism as a limiting condition for robustness. Scientific Reports. 第 37 章
- (2020). Discrete Choice and Rational Inattention: A General Equivalence Result. International Economic Review. 第 40 章
- (1971). Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person. The Journal of Philosophy. 第 41 章
- (2022). Recognising the importance of preference change: A call for a coordinated multidisciplinary research effort in the age of AI. AAAI-22 Workshop on AI for Behavior Change. 研讨会论文 第 41 章
- (2023). The power of social influence: A replication and extension of the Asch experiment. PLOS ONE. 第 38 章
- (2021). Preference stability in discrete choice experiments. Some evidence using eye-tracking. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics. 第 38 章
- (2014). The Limits of Attraction. Journal of Marketing Research. 第 37 章 第 40 章
- (2017). Risk preference shares the psychometric structure of major psychological traits. Science Advances. 第 38 章
- (2011). A Quantitative Version of the Gibbard–Satterthwaite Theorem for Three Alternatives. SIAM Journal on Computing. 第 43 章
- (2010). The free-energy principle: a unified brain theory? Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 第 39 章
- (2015). Active inference and epistemic value. Cognitive Neuroscience. 第 39 章
- (2019). Goal congruency dominates reward value in accounting for behavioral and neural correlates of value-based decision-making. Nature Communications. 第 38 章
- (2022). Efficient Coding and Risky Choice. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 第 39 章
- (2018). Speed, Accuracy, and the Optimal Timing of Choices. American Economic Review. 第 40 章
- (2020). Artificial Intelligence, Values, and Alignment. Minds and Machines. 第 41 章
- (2018). The Properties and Antecedents of Hedonic Decline. Annual Review of Psychology. 第 38 章
- (2017). Temporal Stability of Implicit and Explicit Measures: A Longitudinal Analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 第 38 章
- (2024). Axioms for AI Alignment from Human Feedback. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 37. 第 40 章
- (2017). When Brain Beats Behavior: Neuroforecasting Crowdfunding Outcomes. The Journal of Neuroscience. 第 39 章
- (2025). Neuroforecasting reveals generalizable components of choice. PNAS Nexus. 第 39 章
- (2015). Individual Aesthetic Preferences for Faces Are Shaped Mostly by Environments, Not Genes. Current Biology. 第 38 章
- (2023). The Effect of Modeling Human Rationality Level on Learning Rewards from Multiple Feedback Types. AAAI. 第 43 章 第 44 章
- (1973). Manipulation of Voting Schemes: A General Result. Econometrica. 第 40 章
- (2025). Optimal adaptive Bayesian design in choice experiments: performance for the population versus individuals. Marketing Letters. 第 40 章
- (2018). The Bias Bias in Behavioral Economics. Review of Behavioral Economics. 第 37 章
- (2009). Homo Heuristicus: Why Biased Minds Make Better Inferences. Topics in Cognitive Science. 第 37 章
- (2025). How human–AI feedback loops alter human perceptual, emotional and social judgements. Nature Human Behaviour. doi:10.1038/s41562-024-02077-2. 第 38 章 第 41 章 第 42 章
- (2016). The irrational hungry judge effect revisited: Simulations reveal that the magnitude of the effect is overestimated. Judgment and Decision Making. 第 37 章
- (2020). Value-based attention but not divisive normalization influences decisions with multiple alternatives. Nature Human Behaviour. 第 37 章
- (2017). The Limits of Expectations-Based Reference Dependence. Journal of the European Economic Association. 第 40 章
- (2019). Predictability and Uncertainty in the Pleasure of Music: A Reward for Learning? The Journal of Neuroscience. 第 44 章
- (2025). Xunzi. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 非同行评审 第 41 章
- (2017). Preferential Bayesian Optimization. International Conference on Machine Learning. 第 43 章
- (2023). Patient-Preference Diagnostics: Adapting Stated-Preference Methods to Inform Effective Shared Decision Making. Medical Decision Making. 第 44 章
- (2017). Aesthetic Pleasure versus Aesthetic Interest: The Two Routes to Aesthetic Liking. Frontiers in Psychology. 第 44 章
- (2008). Ordinal regression revisited: Multiple criteria ranking using a set of additive value functions. European Journal of Operational Research. 第 40 章
- (2025). Ordinal regression meets online learning: Interactive preference learning for multiple criteria choice and ranking with provable guarantees. European Journal of Operational Research. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2025.05.045. 第 40 章
- (1973). Incentives in Teams. Econometrica. 第 40 章
- (2016). Liking versus Complexity: Decomposing the Inverted U-curve. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 第 44 章
- (2014). Debiasing the Mind Through Meditation: Mindfulness and the Sunk-Cost Bias. Psychological Science. 第 41 章
- (2022). Mindfulness meditation reduces guilt and prosocial reparation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 第 41 章
- (2016). A Multilab Preregistered Replication of the Ego-Depletion Effect. Perspectives on Psychological Science. 第 37 章
- (2021). Machines learn neuromarketing: Improving preference prediction from self-reports using multiple EEG measures and machine learning. International Journal of Research in Marketing. 第 39 章
- (2020). Paired preference tests and placebo placement: 1. Should placebo pairs be placed before or after the target pair? Food Research International. 第 44 章
- (2026). Multiobjective Optimisation for Others: How Anchoring Effects Change Based on Who Guides the Interaction. Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. 第 40 章
- (2022). Preferences. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 非同行评审 第 41 章
- (2025). Performative Prediction: Past and Future. Statistical Science. 第 42 章
- (2023). Overharvesting in human patch foraging reflects rational structure learning and adaptive planning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 第 43 章
- (1955). Cardinal Welfare, Individualistic Ethics, and Interpersonal Comparisons of Utility. Journal of Political Economy. 第 40 章
- (2005). The Impact of Utility Balance and Endogeneity in Conjoint Analysis. Marketing Science. 第 40 章
- (2024). Subjective total comparative evaluations. Economics & Philosophy. 第 41 章
- (2021). The case against economic values in the orbitofrontal cortex (or anywhere else in the brain). Behavioral Neuroscience. 第 39 章
- (2019). Active ranking from pairwise comparisons and when parametric assumptions do not help. The Annals of Statistics. 第 43 章
- (2017). Once a Utilitarian, Consistently a Utilitarian? Examining Principledness in Moral Judgment via the Robustness of Individual Differences. Journal of Personality. 第 38 章
- (2024). Economic foraging in a floral marketplace: asymmetrically dominated decoy effects in bumblebees. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 第 43 章
- (2019). Graph Resistance and Learning from Pairwise Comparisons. ICML. 第 43 章 第 44 章
- (2001). Music Lovers: Taste as Performance. Theory, Culture & Society. 第 42 章
- (2007). Those Things That Hold Us Together: Taste and Sociology. Cultural Sociology. 第 42 章
- (2010). The weirdest people in the world? Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 第 42 章
- (2019). Continuous preference orderings representable by utility functions. Journal of Economic Surveys. 第 43 章
- (1999). Constructing Stable Preferences: A Look Into Dimensions of Experience and Their Impact on Preference Stability. Journal of Consumer Psychology. 第 38 章
- (2006). Path dependent preferences: The role of early experience and biased search in preference development. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 第 38 章
- (2024). Causally estimating the effect of YouTube’s recommender system using counterfactual bots. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 第 42 章
- (1982). Adding Asymmetrically Dominated Alternatives: Violations of Regularity and the Similarity Hypothesis. Journal of Consumer Research. 第 37 章
- (2025). Bayesian Preference Elicitation for Decision Support in Multi‐Objective Optimization. Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. 第 40 章 第 44 章
- (2022). Algorithmic amplification of politics on Twitter. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 第 42 章
- (1981). Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications, A State-of-the-Art Survey. Springer. 第 40 章
- (2021). Meta-Analysis of Present-Bias Estimation using Convex Time Budgets. The Economic Journal. 第 40 章
- (2016). Preference purification and the inner rational agent: a critique of the conventional wisdom of behavioural welfare economics. Journal of Economic Methodology. 第 40 章
- (2022). The role of user preference in the customized control of robotic exoskeletons. Science Robotics. 第 39 章
- (2000). When choice is demotivating: Can one desire too much of a good thing? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 第 38 章
- (2013). Choice-Induced Preference Change in the Free-Choice Paradigm: A Critical Methodological Review. Frontiers in Psychology. 第 37 章
- (2019). When and why defaults influence decisions: a meta-analysis of default effects. Behavioural Public Policy. 第 40 章
- (1991). Design Fixation. Design Studies. 第 44 章
- (2011). Statistical ranking and combinatorial Hodge theory. Mathematical Programming. 第 43 章 第 44 章
- (1999). Do Politics Have Artefacts? Social Studies of Science. 第 42 章
- (2014). Choice Blindness and Preference Change: You Will Like This Paper Better If You (Believe You) Chose to Read It! Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. 第 41 章
- (2003). Do Defaults Save Lives? Science. 第 41 章
- (2023). Conviction Narrative Theory: A theory of choice under radical uncertainty. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 第 42 章
- (2017). Contemporary Guidance for Stated Preference Studies. Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists. 第 40 章
- (2024). Expression of Concern: “The Dishonesty of Honest People: A Theory of Self-Concept Maintenance”. Journal of Marketing Research. 第 38 章
- (1990). Experimental Tests of the Endowment Effect and the Coase Theorem. Journal of Political Economy. 第 40 章
- (1997). Back to Bentham? Explorations of Experienced Utility. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 第 37 章
- (2011). Bayesian Persuasion. American Economic Review. 第 40 章
- (2023). Human–machine collaboration for improving semiconductor process development. Nature. 第 44 章
- (2019). Analysing Cultural Frequency Data: Neutral Theory and Beyond. Handbook of Evolutionary Research in Archaeology. 第 42 章
- (2026). Constructive Alignment: Governing Preference Dynamics in Human-AI Interaction. AAAI-26 Workshop on Machine Ethics. 研讨会论文 第 41 章
- (2023). No, you still cannot predict hit songs using machine learning. Princeton Reproducibility. 非同行评审 第 39 章
- (2013). “Reverse Bayesianism”: A Choice-Based Theory of Growing Awareness. American Economic Review. 第 40 章
- (2025). ResponseRank: Data-Efficient Reward Modeling through Preference Strength Learning. NeurIPS. 第 39 章
- (2024). Stochastic Monotonicity and Random Utility Models: The Good and The Ugly. arXiv preprint 2409.00704. 预印本 第 37 章
- (2018). Classic-probability accounts of mirrored (quantum-like) order effects in human judgments. Decision. 第 37 章
- (2026). BOBA: Dynamic Bayesian Optimization through Bayesian Active Inference. arXiv preprint 2609.26021. 预印本 第 39 章
- (2024). On scalable oversight with weak LLMs judging strong LLMs. NeurIPS 2024 (link is to the arXiv version). 第 41 章
- (2024). On the Pros and Cons of Active Learning for Moral Preference Elicitation. AIES. 第 38 章
- (2026). Moral Change or Noise? On Problems of Aligning AI With Temporally Unstable Human Feedback. AAAI. 第 38 章
- (2019). Risk preference dynamics around life events. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. 第 42 章
- (2020). The differential impact of major life events on cognitive and affective wellbeing. SSM - Population Health. 第 38 章
- (2011). Adaptive Preferences and Women's Empowerment. Oxford University Press. 第 41 章
- (2024). Debating with More Persuasive LLMs Leads to More Truthful Answers. International Conference on Machine Learning. 第 41 章
- (2018). What do predictive coders want? Synthese. 第 39 章
- (2010). Rapid Decision Making on the Fire Ground: The Original Study Plus a Postscript. Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making. 第 42 章
- (2018). Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science. 第 37 章
- (2023). The Challenge of Understanding What Users Want: Inconsistent Preferences and Engagement Optimization. Management Science. 第 42 章
- (2022). (Online) manipulation: sometimes hidden, always careless. Review of Social Economy. 第 41 章
- (2018). Ambiguity aversion is not universal. European Economic Review. 第 40 章
- (2020). Dopaminergic and opioidergic regulation during anticipation and consumption of social and nonsocial rewards. eLife. 第 39 章
- (2006). A Model of Reference-Dependent Preferences. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 第 40 章
- (2014). The Morning Morality Effect. Psychological Science. 第 38 章
- (2022). BO as Assistant: Using Bayesian Optimization for Asynchronously Generating Design Suggestions. Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. doi:10.1145/3526113.3545664. 第 41 章
- (2010). Visual fixations and the computation and comparison of value in simple choice. Nature Neuroscience. 第 39 章
- (2026). Sequential effects in facial attractiveness judgements: No evidence of stable individual differences. Perception. 第 37 章
- (2019). Relationship between the Implicit Association Test and intergroup behavior: A meta-analysis. American Psychologist. 第 38 章
- (2015). Differentially Private Bayesian Optimization. International Conference on Machine Learning. 第 43 章
- (2021). Temporal oscillations in preference strength provide evidence for an open system model of constructed preference. Scientific Reports. 第 37 章
- (2017). Adjectival vagueness in a Bayesian model of interpretation. Synthese. 第 42 章
- (2011). Irrational decision-making in an amoeboid organism: transitivity and context-dependent preferences. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 第 43 章
- (2020). Design Fixation From Initial Examples: Provided Versus Self-Generated Ideas. Journal of Mechanical Design. 第 44 章
- (2021). Trading mental effort for confidence in the metacognitive control of value-based decision-making. eLife. 第 39 章
- (2025). Revisiting the link between true-self and morality: Replication and extension Registered Report of Newman, Bloom, and Knobe (2014) Studies 1 and 2. Royal Society Open Science. 第 41 章
- (2026). Choice-induced preference change under a sequential sampling model framework. Scientific Reports. doi:10.1038/s41598-026-44610-5. 第 37 章 第 41 章
- (2025b). Visual and Musical Aesthetic Preferences Across Cultures. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. 第 42 章
- (2012). The root of all value: a neural common currency for choice. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 第 39 章
- (2024a). Enhancing Preference-based Linear Bandits via Human Response Time. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. 第 39 章
- (2025a). Efficient Visual Appearance Optimization by Learning from Prior Preferences. UIST 2025. 第 43 章
- (2026c). Curiosity is Knowledge: Self-Consistent Learning and No-Regret Optimization with Active Inference. arXiv preprint 2602.06029. 预印本 第 39 章
- (2026e). Pragmatic Curiosity: A Unified Framework for Hybrid Learning and Optimization via Active Inference. arXiv preprint 2602.06104. 预印本 第 39 章
- (1983). Time of Conscious Intention to Act in Relation to Onset of Cerebral Activity (Readiness-Potential). Brain. 第 41 章
- (2016). The appropriacy of averaging in the study of context effects. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 第 37 章
- (2022). Preference Exploration for Efficient Bayesian Optimization with Multiple Outcomes. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics. 第 42 章 第 43 章
- (2022). From Bayes-optimal to heuristic decision-making in a two-alternative forced choice task with an information-theoretic bounded rationality model. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 第 43 章
- (2020). Long-Run Effects of Lottery Wealth on Psychological Well-Being. The Review of Economic Studies. 第 38 章
- (2003). Does Market Experience Eliminate Market Anomalies? The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 第 40 章
- (2004). Neoclassical Theory Versus Prospect Theory: Evidence from the Marketplace. Econometrica. 第 40 章
- (2020). Four core properties of the human brain valuation system demonstrated in intracranial signals. Nature Neuroscience. 第 39 章
- (1959). Individual Choice Behavior: A Theoretical Analysis. Wiley. 第 43 章
- (2021). Shining a Light on Dark Patterns. Journal of Legal Analysis. 第 42 章
- (2026). Just Noticeable Difference of Impedance Parameters While Walking in an Ankle Exoskeleton. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering. 第 37 章 第 39 章
- (2003). Constructing a Market, Performing Theory: The Historical Sociology of a Financial Derivatives Exchange. American Journal of Sociology. 第 42 章
- (2019). Opinion cascades and the unpredictability of partisan polarization. Science Advances. 第 43 章
- (2017). Repeated Listening Increases the Liking for Music Regardless of Its Complexity: Implications for the Appreciation and Aesthetics of Music. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 第 44 章
- (2001). The Power of Suggestion: Inertia in 401(k) Participation and Savings Behavior. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 第 41 章
- (2022). No evidence for nudging after adjusting for publication bias. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 第 41 章
- (2025). Systematic review of the effects of decision fatigue in healthcare professionals on medical decision-making. Health Psychology Review. 第 37 章
- (2023). Serial dependence in visual perception: A meta-analysis and review. Journal of Vision. 第 37 章
- (2019). Neural precursors of decisions that matter—an ERP study of deliberate and arbitrary choice. eLife. 第 41 章
- (1991). Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning. Organization Science. 第 42 章
- (2003). Consumers report preferences when they should not: a cross-cultural study. Journal of Sensory Studies. 第 44 章
- (2016). A behavioral study of “noise” in coordination games. Journal of Economic Theory. 第 43 章
- (2015). Rational Inattention to Discrete Choices: A New Foundation for the Multinomial Logit Model. American Economic Review. 第 39 章 第 40 章 第 43 章 第 44 章
- (2019). Dark Patterns at Scale: Findings from a Crawl of 11K Shopping Websites. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction. 第 42 章
- (1952). A Set of Independent Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Simple Majority Decision. Econometrica. 第 40 章
- (2008). The Dishonesty of Honest People: A Theory of Self-Concept Maintenance. Journal of Marketing Research. 第 38 章
- (2020). Testing the Random Utility Hypothesis Directly. The Economic Journal. doi:10.1093/ej/uez039. 第 37 章
- (1986). Culture and Consumption: A Theoretical Account of the Structure and Movement of the Cultural Meaning of Consumer Goods. Journal of Consumer Research. 第 42 章
- (1981). Econometric Models of Probabilistic Choice. Structural Analysis of Discrete Data with Econometric Applications. 第 37 章 第 40 章
- (2018). Multilevel Multivariate Meta-analysis with Application to Choice Overload. Psychometrika. 第 38 章
- (2011). Why do humans reason? Arguments for an argumentative theory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 第 42 章
- (2023). Accurately predicting hit songs using neurophysiology and machine learning. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence. 第 39 章
- (2022a). Reply to Maier et al., Szaszi et al., and Bakdash and Marusich: The present and future of choice architecture research. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 非同行评审 第 41 章
- (2022b). The effectiveness of nudging: A meta-analysis of choice architecture interventions across behavioral domains. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 第 41 章
- (2026g). BoTorch pairwise likelihood source code likelihoods/pairwise.py. GitHub. 软件 第 43 章
- (2010). NAUTILUS method: An interactive technique in multiobjective optimization based on the nadir point. European Journal of Operational Research. 第 40 章
- (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review. 第 37 章
- (2021). Whence the Expected Free Energy? Neural Computation. 第 39 章
- (2024). Cooperative Multi-Objective Bayesian Design Optimization. ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems. doi:10.1145/3657643. 第 44 章
- (2001). Moral credentials and the expression of prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 第 38 章
- (2017). A re-examination of the mere exposure effect: The influence of repeated exposure on recognition, familiarity, and liking. Psychological Bulletin. 第 37 章
- (2021). Does Attention Increase the Value of Choice Alternatives? Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 第 37 章
- (2001). The Color of Odors. Brain and Language. 第 44 章
- (2020). Salience theory of mere exposure: Relative exposure increases liking, extremity, and emotional intensity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 第 37 章
- (2025). Exploring the Effectiveness of Interactive Preference Learning for Adapting Designs to Abstract Semantic Attributes. Journal of Mechanical Design. 第 44 章
- (2019). Random Choice and Learning. Journal of Political Economy. 第 40 章
- (2009). Evolution of Time Preferences and Attitudes toward Risk. American Economic Review. 第 43 章
- (2020). Autonomy and Aesthetic Engagement. Mind. 第 41 章
- (2022). When Choices Are Mistakes. American Economic Review. 第 40 章
- (2026). Revealed Incomplete Preferences. Working paper (author's website). 工作论文 第 40 章
- (2015). On making the right choice: A meta-analysis and large-scale replication attempt of the unconscious thought advantage. Judgment and Decision Making. 第 37 章
- (2022). The stability of self-reported emotional response and liking of beer in context. Food Quality and Preference. doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104603. 第 44 章
- (1993). Report of the NOAA Panel on Contingent Valuation, January 11, 1993. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 非同行评审 第 40 章
- (2026). The Ethics of Manipulation. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 非同行评审 第 41 章
- (2025). The Evolving Landscape of Discrete Choice Experiments in Health Economics: A Systematic Review. PharmacoEconomics. 第 44 章
- (2023). Like-minded sources on Facebook are prevalent but not polarizing. Nature. 第 42 章
- (2017). The evolution of paired preference tests from forced choice to the use of ‘No Preference’ options, from preference frequencies to d′ values, from placebo pairs to signal detection. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 第 44 章
- (2022). Indifference, indecisiveness, experimentation, and stochastic choice. Theoretical Economics. 第 43 章 第 44 章
- (2024). Decisions under Risk Are Decisions under Complexity. American Economic Review. 第 37 章 第 40 章
- (2025). Initial Reply to Banki, Simonsohn, Walatka and Wu (2025). Data Colada. 非同行评审 第 37 章 第 40 章
- (2023). The logical inconsistency of the model and experiment presented in the paper of Busemeyer and Wang “Is there a problem with quantum models of psychological measurements?”. PsyArXiv. 预印本 第 37 章
- (2014). Transformative Experience. Oxford University Press. 第 41 章
- (2020). Performative Prediction. ICML. 第 42 章
- (2021). Using large-scale experiments and machine learning to discover theories of human decision-making. Science. 第 37 章
- (2013). A gap in Nisbett and Wilson’s findings? A first-person access to our cognitive processes. Consciousness and Cognition. 第 41 章
- (2019). Choosing for Changing Selves. Oxford University Press. 第 41 章
- (2023). Nudging for changing selves. Synthese. 第 41 章
- (2001). Rational Individual Behavior in Markets and Social Choice Processes: The Discovered Preference Hypothesis. Information, Finance and General Equilibrium: Collected Papers on the Experimental Foundations of Economics and Political Science, Volume III. 第 40 章
- (2021). How adaptation, training, and customization contribute to benefits from exoskeleton assistance. Science Robotics. 第 39 章
- (2019). Efficient coding of subjective value. Nature Neuroscience. 第 37 章 第 39 章 第 43 章
- (2023). The intrinsic variance of beauty judgment. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics. 第 37 章
- (2022). Efficient coding of numbers explains decision bias and noise. Nature Human Behaviour. 第 39 章
- (2025). Clone-Robust AI Alignment. arXiv. 预印本 第 40 章
- (2018). How well do discrete choice experiments predict health choices? A systematic review and meta-analysis of external validity. The European Journal of Health Economics. 第 44 章
- (2025). Global urban visual perception varies across demographics and personalities. Nature Cities. 第 44 章
- (1978). A theory of memory retrieval. Psychological Review. 第 39 章
- (2026). Confirmation bias: A challenge for scalable oversight. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i44.41124. 第 41 章
- (2011). Transitivity of preferences. Psychological Review. 第 37 章
- (2022). How Stable are Moral Judgments? Review of Philosophy and Psychology. doi:10.1007/s13164-022-00649-7. 第 38 章
- (2021). Preference uncertainty accounts for developmental effects on susceptibility to peer influence in adolescence. Nature Communications. 第 38 章
- (2020). The display makes a difference: A mobile eye tracking study on the perception of art before and after a museum’s rearrangement. Journal of Eye Movement Research. 第 42 章
- (2011). A Design Preference Elicitation Query as an Optimization Process. Journal of Mechanical Design. 第 44 章
- (2018). Choice overload reduces neural signatures of choice set value in dorsal striatum and anterior cingulate cortex. Nature Human Behaviour. 第 38 章
- (2024). Autonomy and aesthetic valuing. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 第 41 章
- (2000). The rank-order consistency of personality traits from childhood to old age: A quantitative review of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin. 第 38 章
- (2022). Airoldi Massimo (2022) Machine Habitus: Toward a Sociology of Algorithms. Science & Technology Studies. 第 42 章
- (2024). Measurements of Susceptibility to Anchoring are Unreliable: Meta-Analytic Evidence From More Than 50,000 Anchored Estimates. Meta-Psychology. 第 37 章
- (2026). Observation Moderates the Moral Licensing Effect: A Meta-Analytic Test of Interpersonal and Intrapsychic Mechanisms. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 第 38 章
- (1968). Classement et choix en présence de points de vue multiples. Revue française d'informatique et de recherche opérationnelle. 第 40 章
- (2020). Replicating patterns of prospect theory for decision under risk. Nature Human Behaviour. 第 40 章
- (2021). Instrumental use erodes sacred values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 第 38 章
- (1977). A scaling method for priorities in hierarchical structures. Journal of Mathematical Psychology. 第 40 章
- (2019). Differences between young architects' and non-architects' aesthetic evaluation of buildings. Frontiers of Architectural Research. 第 44 章
- (2024). DP-Dueling: Learning from Preference Feedback without Compromising User Privacy. arXiv. 预印本 第 43 章
- (2021). Active Inference: Demystified and Compared. Neural Computation. 第 39 章
- (2020). Good Evaluation Measures based on Document Preferences. Proceedings of the 43rd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. 第 42 章
- (2002). Profile Construction in Experimental Choice Designs for Mixed Logit Models. Marketing Science. 第 40 章
- (2001). Designing Conjoint Choice Experiments Using Managers' Prior Beliefs. Journal of Marketing Research. 第 40 章
- (2023). Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect? International Conference on Machine Learning. 第 41 章
- (1975). Strategy-proofness and Arrow's conditions: Existence and correspondence theorems for voting procedures and social welfare functions. Journal of Economic Theory. 第 40 章
- (2019). Ellipsoidal Methods for Adaptive Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis. Operations Research. 第 40 章
- (1954). The Foundations of Statistics. Wiley. 第 40 章
- (2025). Preference Learning with Response Time: Robust Losses and Guarantees. NeurIPS. 第 39 章
- (2026). User preference-based human-in-the-loop tuning of exoskeleton assistance during walking. npj Biomedical Innovations. doi:10.1038/s44385-026-00085-7. 第 39 章
- (2010). Can There Ever Be Too Many Options? A Meta-Analytic Review of Choice Overload. Journal of Consumer Research. 第 38 章
- (2018). Are Risk Preferences Stable? Journal of Economic Perspectives. 第 42 章
- (1990). Verbal overshadowing of visual memories: Some things are better left unsaid. Cognitive Psychology. 第 42 章
- (2004). State-Dependent Decisions Cause Apparent Violations of Rationality in Animal Choice. PLoS Biology. 第 43 章
- (1992). Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. 第 38 章
- (1983). Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being: Informative and directive functions of affective states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 第 38 章
- (2022). People around the world like the same kinds of smell. ScienceDaily. 非同行评审 第 42 章
- (1994). Intransitivity of preferences in honey bees: support for 'comparative' evaluation of foraging options. Animal Behaviour. 第 43 章
- (2014). When is it Better to Compare than to Score? arXiv. 预印本 第 43 章
- (2016). Estimation from Pairwise Comparisons: Sharp Minimax Bounds with Topology Dependence. Journal of Machine Learning Research. 第 43 章
- (2011). Homophily and Contagion Are Generically Confounded in Observational Social Network Studies. Sociological Methods & Research. 第 42 章 第 43 章
- (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 第 41 章
- (2025b). Early versus late noise differentially enhances or degrades context-dependent choice. Nature Communications. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59140-3. 第 39 章 第 41 章
- (2018). Amputee perception of prosthetic ankle stiffness during locomotion. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. 第 37 章 第 39 章
- (2022). High-value decisions are fast and accurate, inconsistent with diminishing value sensitivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 第 37 章 第 39 章
- (1999). Heart and Mind in Conflict: the Interplay of Affect and Cognition in Consumer Decision Making. Journal of Consumer Research. 第 37 章
- (2012). RETRACTED: Signing at the beginning makes ethics salient and decreases dishonest self-reports in comparison to signing at the end. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 第 38 章
- (2024). Response Time Improves Gaussian Process Models for Perception and Preferences. Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. 第 39 章
- (2020). When Not Choosing Leads to Not Liking: Choice-Induced Preference in Infancy. Psychological Science. 第 38 章
- (1989). Choice Based on Reasons: The Case of Attraction and Compromise Effects. Journal of Consumer Research. 第 37 章
- (2003). Implications of rational inattention. Journal of Monetary Economics. 第 39 章 第 40 章
- (2024). Distributional Preference Learning: Understanding and Accounting for Hidden Context in RLHF. ICLR 2024. 第 40 章 第 41 章 第 42 章
- (2003). Effortless Action: Wu-wei as Conceptual Metaphor and Spiritual Ideal in Early China. Oxford University Press. 第 41 章
- (1995). The construction of preference. American Psychologist. 第 37 章
- (2025). Taboo trade-off aversion in choice behaviors: A discrete choice model and application to health-related decisions. Social Science & Medicine. 第 38 章
- (2019). Gaze Amplifies Value in Decision Making. Psychological Science. 第 37 章
- (2006). Interacting Adaptive Processes with Different Timescales Underlie Short-Term Motor Learning. PLoS Biology. 第 39 章
- (2008). Unconscious determinants of free decisions in the human brain. Nature Neuroscience. 第 41 章
- (2024). Position: A Roadmap to Pluralistic Alignment. International Conference on Machine Learning. 第 41 章
- (2018). When the Good Looks Bad: An Experimental Exploration of the Repulsion Effect. Psychological Science. 第 37 章
- (2021). The elusiveness of context effects in decision making. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 第 37 章
- (2020). Wine psychology: basic & applied. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications. 第 44 章
- (2024). Decision aids for people facing health treatment or screening decisions. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 第 44 章
- (1957). On the Psychophysical Law. Psychological Review. 第 37 章
- (2006). Decision by sampling. Cognitive Psychology. 第 37 章
- (2022). The Network HHD: Quantifying Cyclic Competition in Trait-Performance Models of Tournaments. SIAM Review. 第 43 章
- (2017). The True Self: A Psychological Concept Distinct From the Self. Perspectives on Psychological Science. 第 41 章
- (2025). Stochastic Choice Theory. Cambridge University Press. 第 40 章
- (2025). Rethinking Bradley-Terry Models in Preference-Based Reward Modeling: Foundations, Theory, and Alternatives. ICLR 2025. 第 39 章
- (2019). Technology, autonomy, and manipulation. Internet Policy Review. 第 41 章
- (2014). Manipulation Detection and Preference Alterations in a Choice Blindness Paradigm. PLoS ONE. 第 41 章
- (2024). AI can help humans find common ground in democratic deliberation. Science. 第 42 章
- (2000). The psychology of the unthinkable: Taboo trade-offs, forbidden base rates, and heretical counterfactuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 第 38 章
- (2021). The neglected 95% revisited: Is American psychology becoming less American? American Psychologist. 第 42 章
- (2021). In defence of revealed preference theory. Economics and Philosophy. 第 41 章
- (2024). Reply to Hausman. Economics and Philosophy. 第 41 章
- (2024). Large Language Models can Accurately Predict Searcher Preferences. Proceedings of the 47th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. 第 42 章
- (2025). High overall values mitigate gaze-related effects in perceptual and preferential choices. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 第 39 章
- (2003). Fast Polyhedral Adaptive Conjoint Estimation. Marketing Science. 第 40 章
- (2004). Polyhedral Methods for Adaptive Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis. Journal of Marketing Research. 第 40 章
- (2007). Probabilistic Polyhedral Methods for Adaptive Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis: Theory and Application. Marketing Science. 第 40 章
- (2023). Probabilistic choice set formation incorporating activity spaces into the context of mode and destination choice modelling. Journal of Transport Geography. 第 42 章
- (1969). Intransitivity of preferences. Psychological Review. 第 37 章
- (1972). Elimination by aspects: A theory of choice. Psychological Review. 第 37 章
- (1974). Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Science. 第 37 章
- (1992). Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. 第 40 章
- (2024). A Large-Scale Study of Relevance Assessments with Large Language Models: An Initial Look. arXiv. 预印本 第 42 章
- (2024). A Multilab Replication of the Induced-Compliance Paradigm of Cognitive Dissonance. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science. 第 38 章
- (2021). Response shift in patient-reported outcomes: definition, theory, and a revised model. Quality of Life Research. 第 44 章
- (2020). Authenticity. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 非同行评审 第 41 章
- (2020). Stability and change of basic personal values in early adolescence: A 2‐year longitudinal study. Journal of Personality. 第 38 章
- (2024). Comparing Discrete Choice Experiment with Swing Weighting to Estimate Attribute Relative Importance: A Case Study in Lung Cancer Patient Preferences. Medical Decision Making. 第 44 章
- (2018). Registered Replication Report on Mazar, Amir, and Ariely (2008). Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science. 第 38 章
- (2018). Stronger shared taste for natural aesthetic domains than for artifacts of human culture. Cognition. 第 41 章 第 44 章
- (2010). Optimal Bayesian Recommendation Sets and Myopically Optimal Choice Query Sets. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. 第 40 章
- (2020). On the equivalence of optimal recommendation sets and myopically optimal query sets. Artificial Intelligence. 第 40 章
- (1961). Counterspeculation, Auctions, and Competitive Sealed Tenders. The Journal of Finance. 第 40 章
- (2019). Decision contamination in the wild: Sequential dependencies in online review ratings. Behavior Research Methods. 第 37 章
- (2021). A Multisite Preregistered Paradigmatic Test of the Ego-Depletion Effect. Psychological Science. 第 37 章
- (2006). Prevalence of repetitive and reward-seeking behaviors in Parkinson disease. Neurology. 第 44 章
- (2024). The Effects of Generative AI on Design Fixation and Divergent Thinking. Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 第 44 章
- (2007). An EZ-diffusion model for response time and accuracy. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 第 39 章
- (2024). A meta-analysis of loss aversion in risky contexts. Journal of Economic Psychology. 第 40 章
- (2020). Sex Differences in Mate Preferences Across 45 Countries: A Large-Scale Replication. Psychological Science. 第 38 章
- (2019). Drinking through rosé-coloured glasses: Influence of wine colour on the perception of aroma and flavour in wine experts and novices. Food Research International. 第 44 章
- (2014). Context effects produced by question orders reveal quantum nature of human judgments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 第 37 章
- (1965). Randomized Response: A Survey Technique for Eliminating Evasive Answer Bias. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 第 43 章
- (2021). The Normalization of Consumer Valuations: Context-Dependent Preferences from Neurobiological Constraints. Management Science. 第 39 章
- (2021). The promise of personalisation: Exploring how music streaming platforms are shaping the performance of class identities and distinction. New Media & Society. 第 42 章
- (2022). Context effects on choice under cognitive load. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 第 37 章
- (2011). Overlooked factors in the analysis of parole decisions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 第 37 章
- (2010). Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study of 3090 Patients. Archives of Neurology. 第 39 章 第 44 章
- (2023). Discrete choice experiment versus swing-weighting: A head-to-head comparison of diabetic patient preferences for glucose-monitoring devices. PLOS ONE. 第 44 章
- (2026). Chanda (Buddhism). Wikipedia. 非同行评审 第 41 章
- (2022). Meditation in the Workplace: Does Mindfulness Reduce Bias and Increase Organisational Citizenship Behaviours? Frontiers in Psychology. 第 41 章
- (2025). On Targeted Manipulation and Deception when Optimizing LLMs for User Feedback. ICLR 2025. 第 41 章 第 42 章
- (2026). Biased AI writing assistants shift users’ attitudes on societal issues. Science Advances. 第 41 章
- (1991). Thinking too much: Introspection can reduce the quality of preferences and decisions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 第 42 章
- (2000). A model of dual attitudes. Psychological Review. 第 38 章
- (1980). Do Artifacts Have Politics? Daedalus. 第 42 章
- (2016). The Impact of Asking Intention or Self-Prediction Questions on Subsequent Behavior: A Meta-Analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review. 第 42 章
- (2022). Habits and Goals in Human Behavior: Separate but Interacting Systems. Perspectives on Psychological Science. 第 38 章
- (2025b). Offline and Online KL-Regularized RLHF under Differential Privacy. arXiv. 预印本 第 43 章
- (2020). Paired preference tests and placebo placement: 2. Unraveling the effects of stimulus variance. Food Research International. 第 44 章
- (2022). Pragmatic reasoning and semantic convention: A case study on gradable adjectives. Semantics and Pragmatics. 第 42 章
- (2021). Revisiting status quo bias: Replication of Samuelson and Zeckhauser (1988). Meta-Psychology. 第 40 章
- (2024). Licensing via Credentials: Replication Registered Report of Monin and Miller (2001) with Extensions Investigating the Domain-Specificity of Moral Credentials and the Association Between the Credential Effect and Trait Reputational Concern. International Review of Social Psychology. 第 38 章
- (2022). Discrete choice experiment with duration versus time trade-off: a comparison of test–retest reliability of health utility elicitation approaches in SF-6Dv2 valuation. Quality of Life Research. 第 44 章
- (2026). Attention Limited Reward Learning. arXiv preprint 2607.04590. 预印本 第 39 章
- (2017). The effect of mood on judgments of subjective well-being: Nine tests of the judgment model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 第 38 章
- (2025). Loss aversion is not robust: A re-meta-analysis. Journal of Economic Psychology. 第 40 章
- (1977). The relationship between Luce's Choice Axiom, Thurstone's Theory of Comparative Judgment, and the double exponential distribution. Journal of Mathematical Psychology. 第 37 章 第 43 章
- (2011). Individually adapted sequential Bayesian conjoint-choice designs in the presence of consumer heterogeneity. International Journal of Research in Marketing. 第 40 章
- (2009). Interactively optimizing information retrieval systems as a dueling bandits problem. Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Machine Learning. 第 42 章
- (1968). Attitudinal effects of mere exposure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 第 37 章
- (2025b). Prediction accuracy of discrete choice experiments in health-related research: a systematic review and meta-analysis. eClinicalMedicine. 第 44 章
- (2024). Beyond Preferences in AI Alignment. Philosophical Studies. 第 41 章
- (2024). Investigating the Morning Morality Effect and its Mediating and Moderating Factors. PsyArXiv. 预印本 第 38 章
- (2018). Multiple timescales of normalized value coding underlie adaptive choice behavior. Nature Communications. 第 39 章
- (2024). How the evaluability bias shapes transformative decisions. Synthese. 第 41 章
- (2024). Value construction through sequential sampling explains serial dependencies in decision making. eLife. doi:10.7554/eLife.96997. 第 37 章 第 41 章 第 42 章 第 44 章