Preprint · 2025

APIGen-MT: Agentic Pipeline for Multi-Turn Data Generation via Simulated Agent-Human Interplay

Akshara Prabhakar, Zuxin Liu, Ming Zhu, Jianguo Zhang, Tulika Awalgaonkar, Shiyu Wang, Zhiwei Liu, Haolin Chen, Thai Hoang, Juan Carlos Niebles, Shelby Heinecke, Weiran Yao, Huan Wang, Silvio Savarese, Caiming Xiong

Abstract

Training effective AI agents for multi-turn interactions requires high-quality data that captures realistic human-agent dynamics, yet such data is scarce and expensive to collect manually. We introduce APIGen-MT, a two-phase framework that generates verifiable and diverse multi-turn agent data. In the first phase, our agentic pipeline produces detailed task blueprints with ground-truth actions, leveraging a committee of LLM reviewers and iterative feedback loops. These blueprints are then transformed into complete interaction trajectories through simulated human-agent interplay. We train a family of models -- the xLAM-2-fc-r series with sizes ranging from 1B to 70B parameters. Our models outperform frontier models such as GPT-4o and Claude 3.5 on $τ$-bench and BFCL benchmarks, with the smaller models surpassing their larger counterparts, particularly in multi-turn settings, while maintaining superior consistency across multiple trials. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that our verified blueprint-to-details approach yields high-quality training data, enabling the development of more reliable, efficient, and capable agents. We open-source 5K synthetic data trajectories and the trained xLAM-2-fc-r models to advance research in AI agents. Models at https://huggingface.co/collections/Salesforce/xlam-2-67ef5be12949d8dcdae354c4; Dataset at https://huggingface.co/datasets/Salesforce/APIGen-MT-5k and Website at https://apigen-mt.github.io

BibTeX Copy

@misc{prabhakar_apigen-mt_2025,
	title = {{APIGen}-{MT}: {Agentic} {Pipeline} for {Multi}-{Turn} {Data} {Generation} via {Simulated} {Agent}-{Human} {Interplay}},
	shorttitle = {{APIGen}-{MT}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.03601},
	doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2504.03601},
	abstract = {Training effective AI agents for multi-turn interactions requires high-quality data that captures realistic human-agent dynamics, yet such data is scarce and expensive to collect manually. We introduce APIGen-MT, a two-phase framework that generates verifiable and diverse multi-turn agent data. In the first phase, our agentic pipeline produces detailed task blueprints with ground-truth actions, leveraging a committee of LLM reviewers and iterative feedback loops. These blueprints are then transformed into complete interaction trajectories through simulated human-agent interplay. We train a family of models -- the xLAM-2-fc-r series with sizes ranging from 1B to 70B parameters. Our models outperform frontier models such as GPT-4o and Claude 3.5 on \$τ\$-bench and BFCL benchmarks, with the smaller models surpassing their larger counterparts, particularly in multi-turn settings, while maintaining superior consistency across multiple trials. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that our verified blueprint-to-details approach yields high-quality training data, enabling the development of more reliable, efficient, and capable agents. We open-source 5K synthetic data trajectories and the trained xLAM-2-fc-r models to advance research in AI agents. Models at https://huggingface.co/collections/Salesforce/xlam-2-67ef5be12949d8dcdae354c4; Dataset at https://huggingface.co/datasets/Salesforce/APIGen-MT-5k and Website at https://apigen-mt.github.io},
	urldate = {2026-11-07},
	publisher = {arXiv},
	author = {Prabhakar, Akshara and Liu, Zuxin and Zhu, Ming and Zhang, Jianguo and Awalgaonkar, Tulika and Wang, Shiyu and Liu, Zhiwei and Chen, Haolin and Hoang, Thai and Niebles, Juan Carlos and Heinecke, Shelby and Yao, Weiran and Wang, Huan and Savarese, Silvio and Xiong, Caiming},
	month = jul,
	year = {2025},
	note = {arXiv:2504.03601 [cs.CL]},
	keywords = {Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Machine Learning},
}